Completing Your U.S. University Applications

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3 Applying to study in the U.S. is a meticulous process that requires planning in advance. While you may have heard that schools focus primarily on grades and extracurriculars, universities actually assess students beyond these factors alone. A strong student profile is a balanced combination of qualitative and quantitative elements - good grades and test scores (if required by the university), extracurricular activities (as relevant), recommendations that highlight the student’s potential, and the student’s unique voice expressed through essays or personal statements. While the process may seem overwhelming and time-consuming, staying focussed and managing your time efficiently will make it manageable.

When should you start working on your applications?

When to begin your application is usually a concern for many due to ongoing academic and professional responsibilities. Ideally it’s best to start your applications at least 12–18 months in advance. This allows you to have sufficient time to conduct in-depth research of universities, gather information about eligibility criteria and application requirements for each university you plan to apply to, and carefully prepare each component of your application.

Starting early ensures you have enough time to go through every detail and craft an outstanding application. Additionally, an early start helps you stay ahead of deadlines, avoid stress, and submit well-prepared applications that reflect your best potential.

Organize Your Application Timeline

Start by listing the main application requirements and note the deadlines. In the United States, application requirements often vary from one institution to another, making it essential to review each university’s website thoroughly to ensure you match all the requirements. Plan your year so that you have time to systematically and comfortably complete or obtain each component of your application

Key Components of Undergraduate and Graduate Applications

Undergraduate applications usually have multiple sections and elements that showcase how the student has performed academically, developed personal interests, and exhibited potential for success in their chosen field. On the other hand, students planning to pursue graduate programs are typically required to submit components showcasing their academic readiness, research interests, and professional goals.

Here’s a breakdown of the key components of both undergraduate and graduate applications. While fundamental requirements remain the same for both undergraduate and graduate applications, there are notable differences in areas such as standardized tests, letters of recommendation (LORs), and essays, which we will explore in detail.

Academic Transcripts: Mark sheets or transcripts from 9th to 12th grade (or their equivalent, depending on the school’s board) are to be sent directly to the universities you’re applying to by your school. For graduate applicants, college transcripts from previously attended institutions are required as proof of academic performance. Transcripts must be official copies issued by the college or university.
Standardized Test Scores: Standardized tests assess a combination of quantitative and qualitative skills, including math, reading, and writing at varying levels. They may not be mandatory for every institution, but some universities require these tests.
For undergraduate applicants, an SAT or ACT may be relevant. Often there are questions around the difference between ACT and SAT and which one is a better option. While it’s completely up to the test taker, here’s a quick understanding of the difference for students to make informed decisions. The SAT emphasizes math ability more, while ACT also includes a dedicated science reasoning section. Before attempting these tests, it is essential to understand their structure and relevance to the program you’re applying for. Graduate applicants may be required to take the GRE or GMAT, depending on the program.

The English proficiency test is often a mandatory requirement in universities for both undergraduate and graduate programs in the U. S. It is up to the student to decide which one to give based on which tests the U.S. universities ask for. Tests commonly taken are the IELTS, TOEFL, PTE and Duolingo.
Essays/Personal Statements: Undergraduate application essays provide insight into a student’s identity beyond academics, offering a chance to showcase their personality, values, and aspirations. On the other hand the Statement of Purpose (SOP) is a crucial component of the graduate application. Universities may require additional elements like portfolios, video essays, or interviews depending on the program.
Recommendation Letters: Recommendations offer a third-party perspective about the student’s personality and potential. Usually the number of recommendation letters asked for depends on the program and the institution. For undergraduate students it is mandatory to have the school counselor write one recommendation letter and the rest should be written by teachers or mentors who have taught a core subject and know the student well enough to highlight the student’s potential. For graduate students, recommendations are often written by professors or work supervisors.
Precisely who may write a recommendation letter may be specified by the university as befits the level of study and the program being applied to. The general rule of thumb is to invite recommenders on the basis of how well they know you as opposed to their job title or designation.

Staying organized and thoughtful

Whether you’re applying to an undergraduate or graduate program, staying organized and proactive in your approach while applying to study in the U.S. is the key to a successful application. Thoroughly research each university’s requirements and tailor your application accordingly, ensuring that your applications highlight your unique experiences, goals, and strengths.

Work on your applications with a calm mind and make sure you allow self-introspection. Make sure you double-check your applications for any missing documents; take time to complete them and submit well before the deadline to avoid unexpected issues. While the application process may seem daunting, a structured approach will help you present your best self to the admissions committees, increasing your chances of securing admission to your desired program and university.

Resources

Standardized Tests

Undergraduate: SAT Reasoning Test | ACT | AP Exams | PSAT
Graduate: GRE and GRE Subject Tests | GMAT| LSAT | USMLE
English Proficiency Tests: TOEFL | IELTS | Pearson Test of English | Duolingo

Standardized Tests

Common Application | Universal College Application | Coalition for College Application | University of California Application

Application Components

Select U.S. University Advice on the Statement of Purpose: University of California Berkeley | Cornell University | Northeastern University
Select U.S. University Advice on Drafting Resumes: The University of Pennsylvania | Michigan State University
Select Advice on Obtaining Letters of Recommendation: University of Pennsylvania | U.S. News and World Report